ABSTRACT
@#Introduction: The purpose of this research was to analyze the relationships between pharmacists knowledge, work environment, and self-efficacy to their compliance level with the COVID-19 health protocols. Methods: This cross-sectional study was designed with descriptive correlational data collection using a questionnaire. Simple random sampling was used to choose the participants who are pharmacists from the Special Region of Yogyakarta’s Province. The demographic characteristics of the respondent were presented descriptively. The demographic characteristics of the respondent were presented descriptively. A statistical test was used to assess the correlation between compliance level vs each of the three factors from the Social Cognitive Theory. Results: A total of 262 pharmacists were selected with data collection using a questionnaire. Most of them were in a medium level of compliance (65.6%), while only 19.1% in a high level, and the 15,3% in a low level. Correlation values of 0.463 and 0.409 between variables measuring the organization’s environment and self-effciacy were found to be statistically significant at the p value <0.05. Meanwhile, there was no statistically significant relationship between knowledge and compliance (p>0.05) with correlation value was 0.054. There is good compliance to the COVID-19 health protocols among community pharmacists in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Conclusion: These findings indicate that improving factors from pharmacy organization-environmental and self-efficacy of pharmacists may improve community pharmacists level of compliance to COVID-19 health protocols in pandemic era.
ABSTRACT
@#Introduction: Prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity are easier in children than in adults. This study was conducted to evaluate the Smart Eating and Healthy Activity (SEHAT) programme, an intervention programme involving parents, teachers, and students in Indonesia to prevent obesity at schools. The intervention was conducted in the form of seminars and leaflets distribution to parents, training of teachers, training of student health cadres, training of students by trained teachers, health promotion to school canteen vendors, and promoting healthy home food weekly. Methods: This non-randomised controlled trial study was conducted from January to May 2016 in North Jakarta. The primary outcome was body mass index (BMI) changes measured with SECA® digital scale for weight and microtoise for height measurements. The secondary outcomes were changes in children’s knowledge, self-efficacy and behaviours, measured using self-made questionnaires, and physical activity using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C). A total of 278 fourth and fifth-grade elementary school students aged 9 to 11 years old were recruited and grouped into intervention group (121 students) and control group (157 students). Results: The study reported a significant change between intervention and control groups on knowledge (1.28 vs 0.31), attitude (1.85 vs 0.06), physical activity (0.14 vs -0.32), eating fruits and vegetables (0.02 vs -0.78), and BMI (0.33 vs 0.71). Conclusion: The five-month SEHAT intervention programme effectively promoted knowledge on healthy eating and physical activity for obesity prevention by increasing physical activity, eating fruits and vegetables, and maintaining students’ BMI.